Virüsler, üst solunum yolu hastalıklarının yanı sıra döküntülü bulaşıcı hastalıklara da yol açıyor. Çocukların kış aylarında kalabalık ortamlara girerek yoğun olarak karşılaşabilecekleri döküntülü hastalıklar farklılık göstermektedir.
Kızamıkçık
Rubella virüsünün neden olduğu hastalıkta bazen hafif ateş ve boyundaki lenf bezleri de şişkinlik görülür. Yüzde küçük, düzgün, kırmızımsı pembe lekeler görülür. Lekeler vücuda ve damağa yayılır. Aşı ile korunmak mümkündür.
Kızamık
Kızamık virüsünün neden olduğu hastalıktan yine aşı ile korunmak mümkün. İlk belirtileri bir iki gün süreyle ateş, burun akması, göz sulanması ve kuru öksürük. Yanakların iç tarafında beyaz lekeler, alında, kulaklarda hafif kırmızılık görülür. Bu kırmızılık daha sonra tüm vücuda yayılır.
Suçiçeği
Varisella-zoster virüsünün sebep olduğu hastalık, hafif ateş, halsizlik, iştah kaybı ve şiddetli kaşınma ile başlar kısa süre içinde vücutta kırmızı lekeler oluşur. Bu lekeler daha sonra sivilceye dönüşür ve kabuklanır. İnsandan insana damlacıklar veya hava yoluyla bulaşır.
Altıncı hastalık
Ani başlayan ve 39-40 dereceye kadar yükselen ateş Altıncı hastalığın en önemli belirtisi. Çocukta ateş, hafif burun akıntısı, baş ağrısı ve mide bulantısı ise diğer belirtileri. Boynun yan kıvrımlarında, kulak arkalarında ve başın arka kısımlarındaki lenf bezleri şişebilir. Bu hastalıkta ateş düştükten hemen sonra vücutta kırmızı renkli kaşıntısız deri döküntüsü oluşur.
Çocuklarda bu hastalıkların yanı sıra mide ve bağırsak sistemine bağlı hastalıklar ve hava ısısındaki ani değişikliklere bağlı olarak atipik pnomonilerin de görülebiliyor. Atipik pnömoniler (tipik seyretmeyen zatürre) daha çok akciğer dışı belirtilerle görülür. Baş ve karın ağrısı, bulantı, ishal, ciltte döküntüler, bilinç bulanıklığı en çok görülen belirtilerini oluşturur. Atipik pnömonilerde solunum sistemi muayenesinde hastalık bulgusu bulunamayabilir. Bu nedenle ateşle başlayan hastalığı olan her çocukta pnömoni araştırılmalı, teşhis için akciğer filmi çekilmeli, balgam kültürü ve kan testleri yapılmalıdır.
Last Updated Date: 11 June 2015
Publication Date: 06 November 2015
Pediatric Health and Diseases Department
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